Hoist for use as loading apparatus, crane and excavator



p 16, 1958 c. BRUNERI ETAL 2,852,149

HOIST FOR USE AS LOADING APPARATUS, CRANE AND EXCAVATOR Filed Feb. 2, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 p 16, 1958 c. BRUNE'RI- ETAL 2,852,149

HOIST FOR USE'AS LOADING APPARATUS, CRANE AND EXCAVATOR Filed Feb. 2. 1955 v 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 p 1958 -c. BRUNERI ETAL 2,852,149

HOIST FOR USE AS LOADING APPARATUS, CRANE AND EXCAVATOR Filed Feb. 2. 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 United States Patent HOIST FOR USE AS LOADING APPARATUS,

CRANE AND EXCAVATOR.

Carlo Brunei-i and Mario Bruneri, Turin, Italy, a'ss'ignors' to Societe Industrielle de Construction dAppareils MecanogHydrauli'ques (SICAM), Lyon, France Application February 2, 1955, Serial No.- 485,750

3 Claims. (Cl. 214-138) This invention relates to a hoisttor use as loading apparatus, crane and excavator,

The apparatus comprises chiefly a platform rotatable about a vertical axis and a frame oscillating assure-her zontal axis, having fitted to its end a rocking arm-adapted to carry a shovel, grab bucket, hoisting hook or' other similar tools. Oscillation of the frame and arm is brought about by rams, the platform being rotated by a hydraulic rotary engine reversible in rotation.

According to an embodiment of thisinvention the by: draulic motor is provided with a central toothedwheel meshing with a plurality of equidistant peripheral toothed wheels, on opposite sides ofeach of which two po'rts'are bored in the engine body for circulation in both directions of the pressure fluid.

Further characteristic features of this invention, 'w'illbe understood from the following detailed description re ferring to the accompanying drawings showing diagrammatically by way of example anembodinient thereof.

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of'the apparatus equipped for use asan excavator and loading apparatus;

Figure 2 is a plan view of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is an axial sectional view on line II'IIII of Figure 4 showing the hydraulic engine rotating the platform;

Figure4 is a horizontal section through the same engine on line IVIV of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a diagrammatioal elevational view ofthe apparatus provided with a horizontally movable shovel;

Figure 6 shows diagrammatically thegapparatus as used in connection with a bucket grab;

Figure 7 is a front view of Figure 6 and Figure 8 is a section on an enlarged scale on line VIII-VIII of Figure 6.

1 denotes the chassis ofa lorry having wheels 2 and carrying an upper platform 3 rotatable in bothdirections about a; vertical axis under the action. of a hydfaulic motor 4. The platform 3 carries coaxial horizontal pivots S about which is mounted for oscillation a frame. 6; operated by a ram' 7' of which the cylinder is articulated at 8 to the platform, its movable rod being pivotally attached at 9 to the frame 6.

A rocking arm 10 is pivotally attached at 11 to the end of the frame 6 and carries at its end a shovel 12 stiffened with respect to the arm by links 13. Oscillation of the arm 10 and shovel 12 is elfected by .a ram 14, of which the cylinder is hinged at 15 to the frame 6, its movable frame being pivotally attached at 16 to arm 10.

Instead of with the shovel 12, the end of arm 10 may be equipped with a hoisting hook or other similar tool.

The hydraulic motor 4 rotating the platform (see Figures 3 and 4) comprises a substantially cylindrical block 21, having fitted to its ends two end flanges 22, 23 connected and held by a plurality of peripheral bolts 24.

A cylindrical seating is bored centrally in the block 21 and has rotatably mounted therein a central toothed wheel 25 provided with end bosses 26 and 19 guided in the block 21 and lower flange 23, respectively. A shaft 27 is formed ice as an extension of the boss 19 projecting through the flange 23 and carrying a toothed pinion 44 meshing with the inner set of teeth on a rim 45 secured to the platform of the lorry 1 and having journalled thereon two rings 47, 48 guided by two rows of balls 46 and secured in turn together with a top disc 49 and a spacing member 50 to the lower flange 23 of the motor.

Three peripheral pinions 28 ineshing with thetoothed wheel 25- are equally angularly staggered and seated suitable recesses bored in the block 21. The toothed pinions 28 are journall'ed through the interposition of bushesao on axially bored s'tati'onary pivo-ts 29.

Two concentric annular chambers31, 32 are bored in the top flange 22 and connect with elbows 33; 34; respec tivel'y, receiving two pipes-extending from the fluid de livery pump. The chamber 31 connects with three ports 35 opening into the casing 21 at the regions wherethe peripheral pinions 28 mesh with the centi'al toothed wheel 25.

At the meshing. regions on the opposite side three further-ports 36 are bored and connect with the annular chamber 32.

When the pressure fluid is delivered by the pump throughthe elbow 34, the outer annular chamber 32 and ports 36, the peripheral pinions 28 and central toothed wheel 25 are concurrently rotated in the direction of the arrow 37, fluid beingdis'charged through the ports 35, inner aii'n'ular chamber 31 and elbow 33 back to the pump reservoir. I w

However, when the fluid is conveyed through elbow 33 said fluid is' circulated iii an opposite direction, which reverses'rotation of the engine. v

Inner holes 38 are boredfin the central toothed wheel 25; radial holes 39 smaller in section being bored at the bosses 26 and 19 and connecting with an axial blindbor' 40 likewise bored in the central toothed wheel 25 and an outlet conduit 41 bored in the top flange 22 for recovery of oil.

Radial holes 42 smaller in section are bored in the peripheral pinions 28'a1'1d connect with the hollow in their respective shafts 29 and through holes 43" bored inithe block 21 wi'th the axial bore 40 in the central" toothed wheel. Conduitsconnecting the holes 38 and 39 in the central toothed wheel'ar'e bored in the lower flange 23;

The above small, section holes serve for lubricating the pivots and flat end surfaces of the toothed wheel's'and recovering oil having effected lubrication through a can, duit 41.

The above described motor affords a considerable pen fornia'n'ce', for the pressureflui'd acts simultaneously. at three different regions in, the central toothedwheelg' Moreovenradial components of the forceapplied the operating; fluidjtothe central toothed wheel areiaummatically'mu'tu'ally annulled on account of the equal angular spacing of the fluid delivery ports.

In Figure 5 there is illustrated an embodiment of the invention particularly useful for loading with shovel 12 and wherein there is provided a plurality of cylinders interconnected with the boom 6 and arm or stick 10 in such a manner that the movement of the shovel may be finely controlled, even to the extent of insuring substantial horizontal movement of the shovel. t is to be understood that the numerals shown in Figure 5 represent like parts previously identified, that the various cylinders to be described are independently operated and controlled by the operator, as is the turntable platform 3 by motor 4 (not shown in Figure 5), and that the shovel 12 may assume other forms of loading means. As in the previously explained embodiments, the truck, tractor or other vehicle 1 has wheels 2, a rotatably mounted turntable 3 thereon operated about a vertical axis of rotation by a hydraulic motor of the type shown in Figures 3 and 4 a boom 6 pivotally mounted at 5 to the frame 3 and the pivot forming the horizontal axis about which boom 6 may be pivoted by means of the ram 7, the latter having its cylinder pivoted to the frame at 8 and its rod pivotally connected to the boom at 9. A crowd ram 14 having its cylinder pivotally connected to the boom at 15 and its rod hinged to arm or dipper stick is provided and it will be noted that stick 10 is pivoted at one end thereof to shovel 12 near the rear thereof and at its other end hinged at 44 to the boom adjacent but spaced from one end as at 44. Thus, the stick 10 is articulated, instead of about pivot 11 as in Figure 1, about inwardly positioned pivot 44. Connected in hinged fashion at pivot 11 of boom 6 is the cylinder of ram 45 with the rod 46 thereof being connected to the shovel 12. It will be noted that the portion of the boom between pivots 11 and 44 and the portions of the shovel between its connections with stick 10 and rod 46 form with the stick and ram 45 a substantial parallelogram structure.

In operation, the control for motor 4 may be operated to rotate the boom, stick and shovel about a vertical axis, as in the rest of the embodiments, and the ram 7 may be independently operated to pivot boom 6 (as shown in the dotted lines) about a horizontal axis. In conjunction with the last operation, rams 14 and 45 may be operated simultaneously or independently, the ram 14 functioning to cause movement of the shovel towards and from frame 3 and the ram 45 functioning to pivot the shovel 12 about its pivot connection with shovel 12. When rams 14 and 45 are operated simultaneously or substantially so or their operations occur one after the other, then the shovel 12 can be caused to move substantially horizontally, as shown by the arrow of Figure 5 and by the dotted lines. In connection with this latter type of action it is usually necessary to inter-relate the operation of ram 7, as should be apparent. Providing a machine whereby the loading means 12 may be moved into a pile of dirt or the like substantially horizontally is very advantageous from a standpoint of efiicient and maximum loading, as is a machine wherein the position of the loading means may be so finely adjusted by the three rams: 7, 14 and 45, with respect to the load. Of course, to unload it is merely necessary to pivot shovel 12 by operating ram 45.

Referring to Figures 6 to 8 the apparatus can be equipped for carrying a bucket grab. An extension 47 is fitted to the end of the arm 10 and carries two transverse supports 48 supporting pivots 49 for two pairs of rocking links 50. Two shells or halves 52 of a bucket grab are hinged to the ends of said links about pivots 51 and are connected together by a central hinge 53 placed beneath the end of the extension 47.

The extension 47 further carries at its end a grooved pulley 54 and a top roller 55 between which a cable 56 is guided, said cable being anchored at one end to the hinge 53 and at its other end to a rod 46 of the ram 45 having its cylinder hinged to a pivot 57 carried by the arm 10. The end of the rod 46 of the ram is moreover guided by two links 58 hinged in turn about a pivot 59 at the end of the arm 10.

The ram 4546 drives the cable 56, thereby opening and closing, respectively, the shells 52 of the bucket grab.

What we claim is:

1. A load handling machine comprising a carriage body having a frame mounted thereon, an elongated boom pivotally connected adjacent one end thereof to said frame for movement about a horizontal axis, a first hydrauliccylinder-piston unit pivotally connected with the frame and boom operable for pivoting the boom about said axis, loading means, a dipper stick pivotally connected to the boom adjacent but spaced from the other end thereof, said stick adjacent its other end being pivotally connected to the loading means 'forcarrying the latter, a second hydraulic-cylinder-piston unit pivotally connected with the boom and stick for pivoting the latter and in turn the loading means about its pivot connection with the boom, and a third hydraulic-cylinder-piston unit pivotally connected to the boom at its other end and connected to the loading means for pivoting the latter about its connection with the stick, all of said hydraulic-cylinder-piston units extending beneath the boom and vertically downwardly from their points of connection to the boom whereby maximum pivoting force may be exerted by said units, the first and second of said units being connected to said boom substantially centrally of the longitudinal width of the boom. 7

2. A load handling machine as defined in claim 1 wherein the frame is mounted on the body for rotation about a vertical axis and there is provided hydraulic motor means on the carriage body for so rotating the frame,

7 said motor and first, second and third units being operable independently of each other.

3. A load handling machine as defined in claim 2 wherein the dipper stick and third unit extend substantially parallel to one another and form with the portions of the boom and loading means between their connections thereto a substantial parallelogram structure.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,196,649 Waite Apr. 9, 1940 2,407,698 Guibert et al Sept. 17, 1946 2,414,779 Tumey et al Jan. 21, 1947 2,418,299 Gorsuch Apr. 1, 1947 2,577,689 Morin Dec. 4, 1951 2,648,449 Hoover Aug. 11, 1953 2,682,346 Wills et al June 29, 1954 2,742,162 Mandt Apr. 17, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS 544,984 Great Britain Oct. 15, 1941 141,111 Sweden June 30, 1953 488,917 Italy Ian. 9, 1954 1,070,006 France Feb. 17, 1954 

